I was once at a conference at which a television producer discussed the basic premise of the sitcom. Simply put, likeable characters experience struggles in amusing ways and fail to learn from them. Different as one show’s premise may be from another, the characters all share one trait -- predictability. They are doomed to make the same mistakes over and over again.
"Simply stated, a New Year’s resolution is a self-inflicted invitation to pain, frustration, and feelings of failure."
Michael Laskoff, Adult CEO Blogger
If you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADD/ADHD), then all of this already sounds familiar. We, like the aforementioned comedians, tend to screw up in highly predictable ways. While we are capable of learning from our mistakes, we often tend to understand the pattern long before we do anything useful with our knowledge. Instead, we bring new self-awareness to the same old mistakes.
To state the obvious, no one wants to live this way. Perhaps that’s why people with ADD/ADHD are so in love with the idea of the magic bullet -- the one-stop-shopping means of overcoming all of the disabling aspects of the condition. The only problem is that what sounds too good to be true is actually just that. All too often, the magic bullet ends up going down like a bitter pill.
Even something that makes an enormous difference is unlikely to address the entirety of the problem. For example, I take a prescription amphetamine called Vyvanse each day, and it has changed my life remarkably. With it, I am more focused and likely to complete the sort of sequential tasks that are critical to succeed in business. But as much as the medicationhelps, it would be far less meaningful without the benefit of appropriate behavioral therapyand tens or even hundreds of other life adaptations I've made. Had I vested all of my hope in pharmaceuticals but not done the rest of the work, I would have been disappointed and disillusioned. Worse, I would have likely abandoned medication altogether and lost the real benefits it brings me.
As is clear, I’m not a fan of the idea of the magic bullet, but one bothers me more than almost all of the others -- the New Year’s resolution. What makes it so evil is the combination of retrospection -- usually focused on what went wrong -- mixed with an unsupportable promise not to make the same mistake again. Simply stated, a New Year’s resolution is a self-inflicted invitation to pain, frustration, and feelings of failure.
So this New Year's Eve, don’t make resolutions. Focus on the little things instead. Added up, they can make for the sort of New Year that you deserve.
Michael Laskoff
Michael B. Laskoff is the CEO of AbilTo, which uses a unique approach to create a better alternative for millions of people seeking to overcome commonplace behavioral disorders and life transitions.
Prior to his current work, he co-founded The Branded Asset Management Group, which helped large marketers leverage untapped profit potential in existing brands and worked in senior marketing and strategy roles at Bertlesmann, McKinsey & Co., CompUSA, as well as a number of early e-commerce businesses. His first book, Landing on the Right Side of Your Ass dealt with managing job transition, which was also the subject of his BusinessWeek online column and frequent appearances on National Public Radio.
Virtual reality is proving to be a viable solution to easing the social anxiety teens with ADHD and Asperger’s syndrome encounter daily. These teens go through tremendous difficulty developing the social skills to interact with peers and adults in what most consider normal social situations. The Center for Brain Health at the University of Texas has been successfully improving these teens social anxiety via VR sessions, helping them to make friends and communicate openly.
The VR program looks like any other first person video game but actively focuses on engaging in social interactions. Teens might experience an encounter where they invite someone to a party, meet a peer for the first time or even confront bullies. They do this by simultaneously interacting with two clinicians. One clinician role plays the virtual partner while the other provides instructions and coaches them through a headset in an adjacent room. Teens completed 10 of these one hour sessions spread out over five weeks.
Prior to VR sessions, participants were tested on their emotional skills and had a brain scan. Already several studies have been published on the success of this method. Even beyond the data participants felt real, life changing results. “I’ve learned how to start a conversation, just how to break the ice”. Said Jeff, a participant with Asperger’s.
According to the mother of one participant, “Before it was all about what she thought and then she would impulsively jump in and then she would get a bad response. So, what this has been able to do is let her think about what other people are thinking or feeling and then how she can react appropriately.”
Researchers are just as excited and proud of the study’s results, “It’s exciting that we can observe changes in diverse domains including emotion recognition, making social attribution, and executive functions related to reasoning through this life-like intervention,” said Dr. Daniel C. Krawczyk, associate professor of cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology in the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences. “These results demonstrate that core social skills can be enhanced using a virtual training method.”
Currently the VR program is only available in Dallas and costs $1800 per student. Researchers are working to get funding to spread the program which could easily be implemented across the country. Researchers hope to only expand the program but grow the reach of each study.
“This research builds on past studies we conducted with adults on the autism spectrum and demonstrates that virtual reality may be a promising and motivating platform for both age groups,” said Tandra Allen, head of virtual training programs at UT. “This was the first study to pair participants together with the goal of enhancing social learning. We observed relationships in life grow from virtual world conversations. We saw a lot of growth in their ability to initiate and maintain a conversation, interpret emotions and judge the quality of a friendship.”
This study is proof that social anxiety and other social disorders don’t have to be debilitating. Teens and even adults can benefit from practicing controlled social interactions in virtual environments.
Published on Sep 20, 2016
Kicking off our new series Brain Power TODAY, special anchor Maria Shriver visits a teen socialization lab at the University of Texas at Dallas, where a virtual reality program helps teens develop their social skills despite such challenges as ADHD and Asperger’s syndrome.
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Raphael Konforti graduated from the University of Florida with a Masters of Exercise Science, Go Gators! Holding his PTAGlobal CPT since 2009, Raphael has worked in variety of fitness education roles around the world. He is currently the Fitness Education Coordinator for Youfit in Florida. He prides himself on making the complicated, confusing fitness industry easy to understand. Doing that while slipping in a good joke is his passion. He loves surfing, diving, strongman competitions and yoga, yup pretty random mix.
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Dr. Bob DeMaria discusses the role of a certain fat in so many foods and how it relates to ADD And ADHD. His book illustrates how those conditions can be stopped in 18 days. Find out how that can be and how the conditions can be tied to what you eat! http://www.ihealthtube.com
CNN's Kelly Wallace and Paul Callan discuss how to effectively discipline kids with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in light of a video that surfaced showing two kids with the disorder being handcuffed by a school resource officer.
Time spent in nature and participation in adventure sports is known to have a profound effect on those who struggle with ADD/ADHD.
The Academy at SOAR is a boarding school in North Carolina for children with ADD/ADHD, and in this video director Joseph Geier leads students on a multi-day rock climbing trip to Seneca Rocks in West Virginia.
If Our Body Doesn't Get All The Raw Materials It Needs To Optimize Its Function, It's Only A Matter Of Time Until Things Start To Break
A listener calls in to Dr. G's show about side effects that he's experiencing because of prescription medication. Side effects include uncomfortable tics, anxiety, depression and emotional swings. He also has symptoms of ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) or ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). He weighs 185 lbs. and stands at 6'3.
Uncontrollable tics are a calcium and magnesium deficiency. The reason why this happens is because the medication burns through the calcium and magnesium stores in the body. Now, you would think that because you drink milk then that's okay, but actually there's more calcium per ounce in maple syrup than there is in milk. And calcium is one of the minerals that are necessary for human health.
However, it's impossible to get all of the body's mineral needs just by eating or drinking because the minerals are not evenly spread out in our food. It's a game of chance as to whether your body is going to get enough minerals that it needs. More likely, you're not going to. Then if you exercise, get onto a treadmill, do a sweat lodge or go to a sauna, you sweat all of your minerals. Additionally, you're back to where you started or even less than where you started. Therefore, tics anywhere in the body, chronic muscle cramps, chronic muscle tension anywhere in the body are calcium and magnesium deficiencies. Interestingly, anxiety, whether it's severe anxiety or low grade anxiety, are also caused by calcium and magnesium deficiencies. Mood disorders are related to blood sugar issues, cholesterol levels and hormone levels.
All of these things are intermixed. They interrelate. Hence, it's pointless to spend thousands of dollars on some type of discovery to try to micromanage the biochemistry of the body and find out where the weak point is and then develop a therapeutic to fix it. The foundation principle here is our body knows what's best. Our body knows how to fix itself. Our body knows how to have healthy blood sugar, hormones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and joints. It knows how to do that. However, in order to do that, our body needs raw materials. If it doesn't have the raw materials, it wouldn't be able to optimize its function. It can't happen because the body can't make things out of nothing. This is why we espouse that everyone get on a wholistic medical nutrition program that offers everything that the body needs and we have the program dialed in perfectly.
The basic strategy here would be to pour into the body 200% of the nutrients that it needs. In this case, do it with a little bit of emphasis on blood sugar support and calcium. Stop eating foods that are hurting the body and sucking the nutrients out of the body or disallowing the entry into the body. Salt your food and don't be afraid of foods that are high in cholesterol. The central nervous system needs cholesterol to function properly. 75% of the brain and nerves are made from cholesterol. 100% of the hormones are made from cholesterol. Therefore, if you want to optimize the central nervous system and hormone function then it would be prudent to be on a high cholesterol diet. Eat six to eight eggs a day. Eat the chicken with the skin. Have butter. Don't be afraid of cholesterol.
Do this for ninety days and then see what happens. It's guaranteed that the first thing that will disappear is the facial tics. Remember, this is wholistic methodology here. While you are waiting for the tics, the anxiety and the ADD problem to resolve, you also want to pay attention to your mood, appetite, energy, stamina. Do this as a ninety day experiment. I'm sure you will love how you feel.
JOIN OUR TEAM for more detailed information & support. We are educating the peeps on how to live a long life with good healthy habits & wholistic medical nutrition!!! www.L120Y.com/8110-2.
(We're bringing this information to you from our good friends at OurFamilyEats.com)
How I solved my daughter’s behavior problems by using an all natural diet.
**I now offer personalized consulting and meal planning services to help you start the ADHD Diet Plan so you don’t have to do this alone! Check out my Services page to learn more!**
The ADHD Diet Plan is a step by step program to help you eliminate the chemicals and artificial ingredients in your diet. I struggled for years with my daughter’s behavior and what I thought were ADHD symptoms. After months of research I decided to change our eating habits as a last ditch effort to change things. I eliminated artificial ingredients and within 36 hours my daughter was like a new person. Since then I’ve worked with countless other families who have seen the same improvements in their own children by following the same steps I used.
I made the changes all at one time, which is a radical change that not all families are willing or able to undertake. My ADHD Diet Plan is structured so that you can make all the changes at once or tackle one part of the diet each week. You can begin the diet at any time and go at your own pace. Each week I focus on a specific group of additives, give you all the information you need to make the switch for that week, and most importantly, cheer you on.
What can you expect from making these changes?
Many people report seeing a difference in their child’s behavior within the first week. If you need a little more persuading about whether making the change to an all natural diet is worth the trouble, please take a minute to read these success stories. The feeling you get from watching your child transform right before your eyes is like none other.
Before you start
This article I wrote for Circle of Moms, called “How Artificial Ingredients Can Lead to Artificial Kids” will give you more background on how we got where are today. For a little inspiration and motivation, check these Success Stories from real parents who have followed the Challenge.
Also be sure to check out my recipes for easy, family friendly meals. breakfasts, snacks, and desserts that fit within the guidelines of the diet.
If you ever have any questions about anything related to behavior or eating an all natural diet, or are just in need of some support, don’t hesitate to email me at contact.ourfamilyeats [at] gmail [dot] com, or leave a comment.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by all the information? Do you need direction or support? Want answers from someone who’s been in your shoes? Let me help! I offer personalized consulting services to help you manage the entire process so you can see the results you want in no time. I even offer meal planning services to make the change a breeze. Check out my services page for more information. You can do this!
Disclaimer: I am not a medical professional and do not claim to diagnose, treat, or cure ADHD. This post is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult with your doctor before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle.
My very first YouTube collab! WIth my YouTube #NextUP roomie/twin Laurel / koolysmiley! This is a BONUS video in which I interview Laurel about her dyslexia and why she avoided an ADHD diagnosis -- regular video will still post later this week!!
ADHD doesn't only affect children. Adults can have this condition, too.
ADHD can make it hard for adults to pay attention, control their emotions, and finish tasks.
Just like kids, adults with ADHDare often given stimulants or other medications to control symptoms. They may also have therapy sessions to help get organized and stay focused.
One ADHD treatment that doesn't require a prescription or a visit to a therapist's office is exercise. Research is finding that getting regular fitness can improve thinking ability, and it may improve the symptoms of adult ADHD.
Exercise and the Brain
Exercise isn't just good for shedding fat and toning muscles. It can help keep the brain in better shape, too.
When you exercise, your brain releases chemicals called neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which helps with attention and clear thinking. People with ADHD often have less dopamine than usual in their brain.
The stimulant medicines that are often used to treat adult ADHD work by increasing the availability of dopamine in the brain. So it makes sense that a workout can have many of the same effects as stimulant drugs.
Fitness can have the following benefits for adults with ADHD:
Health experts recommend that you get at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise a week. That works out to about 30 minutes of fitness a day, five days a week.
If you're doing more intense aerobic workouts -- such as running or taking indoor cyclingclasses -- you can get away with about 75 minutes of exercise a week.
It doesn't matter what type of exercise you do. For example, you can try running, biking, taking an aerobics class, or weight training. Do whatever kind of workout you love.
Try to vary your exercise routine. That way you won't lose interest or focus halfway through your workouts. You can even change exercises mid-routine, for example by doing interval training. Run or cycle for 30 seconds, alternated with 30 seconds to a minute of weight lifting.
As long as you're sweating and your heart is pumping, you're likely to see real, positive effects from exercise on your ADHD symptoms.
If you're having trouble staying motivated, get a workout buddy. A friend can help keep you on track, making sure that you exercise on most days of the week. Your exercise buddy will hold you accountable, so you can't bail out on your workouts.
"Think of exercise as medication,” says John Ratey, M.D., an associate clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “For a very small handful of people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD ADD), it may actually be a replacement for stimulants, but, for most, it’s complementary — something they should absolutely do, along with taking meds, to help increase attention and improve mood.”
While most of us focus on exercise as a way to trim our waistlines, the better news is that routine physical activity firms up the brain -- making it a simple, alternative ADHD treatment. “Exercise turns on the attention system, the so-called executive functions — sequencing, working memory, prioritizing, inhibiting, and sustaining attention,” says Ratey, author of the forthcoming Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain (Little, Brown). “On a practical level, it causes kids to be less impulsive, which makes them more primed to learn.”
The latest news about exercise is that it helps kids push through past failures and attack things they didn’t succeed at before. “The refrain of many ADHD kids is, ‘No matter what I do, I’m going to fail,’” says Ratey. “Rat studies show that exercise reduces learned helplessness. In fact, if you’re aerobically fit, the less likely you are to learn helplessness.”
So how, exactly, does exercise deliver these benefits to the ADHD brain? When you walk, run, or do a set of jumping jacks or pushups, your brain releases several important chemicals.
Endorphins, for one, hormone-like compounds that regulate mood, pleasure, and pain. That same burst of activity also elevates the brain’s dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels. These brain chemicals affect focus and attention, which are in short supply in those with ADHD. “When you increase dopamine levels, you increase the attention system’s ability to be regular and consistent, which has many good effects,” explains Ratey, like reducing the craving for new stimuli and increasing alertness.
You don’t have to be a marathoner, or even a runner, to derive benefits from exercise. Walking for 30 minutes, four times a week, will do the trick. “Get your child involved in something that he finds fun, so he will stick with it,” suggests Ratey. Team activities or exercise with a social component are especially beneficial.
Studies have also found that tae kwon do, ballet, and gymnastics, in which you have to pay close attention to body movements, tax the attention system. “A very good thing for kids and adolescents with ADHD,” says Ratey.
More schools are including exercise in their curricula to help kids do better in the classroom. A school in Colorado starts off students’ days with 20 minutes of aerobic exercise to increase alertness. If they act up in class, they aren’t given time-outs but time-ins — 10 minutes of activity on a stationary bike or an elliptical trainer. “The result is that kids realize they can regulate their mood and attention through exercise,” says Ratey. “That’s empowering.”
This article is excerpted from a Special Report: Beyond Meds, about five popular complementary approaches for ADHD, which appeared in the December/January 2008 issue of ADDitude.
Can some food additives or nutrients affect symptoms? The jury is still out.
Diet alone probably isn't the driving force behind the multiple behavioral and cognitive symptoms that plague children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But several studies have renewed interest in whether certain foods and additives might affect particular symptoms in a subset of children with ADHD.
All of the qualifiers in the previous sentence are intentional. Traditional research finds no support for radical diets like the Feingold diet — which eliminates nearly all processed foods as well as many fruits and vegetables — for the majority of children with ADHD. And there is no easy way to identify the few children who might benefit from diets that prohibit particular foods.
Yet parents — and some researchers — wonder if more modest dietary changes could supplement standard multimodal treatment that includes behavioral therapy and other evidence-based psychotherapies, school support, medication, and parent education. Here's a brief review of the evidence on the dietary interventions that have received the most mainstream attention.
Artificial colorings and additives
Since the 1970s, researchers have investigated whether the synthetic dyes, flavors, and preservatives found in many commercially prepared and "junk" foods might contribute to hyperactivity or other symptoms of ADHD. Many of the studies are small or flawed, and there is no consensus about how such additives might contribute to ADHD symptoms in children.
Interest in the topic of additives has been reignited by a well-designed study in Britain, not least because its results convinced the United Kingdom's Food Standards Agency (roughly equivalent to the FDA) to urge food manufacturers to remove six artificial coloring agents from food marketed to children in Britain.
The researchers designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test the effects of the preservative sodium benzoate and six artificial food colorings on hyperactivity in 153 preschoolers (who were 3 years old) and 144 elementary students (who were 8 or 9 years old). The researchers intentionally conducted the study in a community sample of healthy children, rather than restricting it to those diagnosed with ADHD. But they did ask teachers to fill out a questionnaire to assess hyperactivity for the children at the start of the study, to provide some baseline measures.
For six weeks, the children consumed foods and drinks free of sodium benzoate and the six coloring agents. At weeks 2, 4, and 6, the children consumed plain juice (placebo) or juice containing one of two additive mixes every day for a week.
Mix A contained the preservative plus the colorings sunset yellow, carmoisine, tartrazine, and ponceau 4R; mix B contained the preservative plus sunset yellow, carmoisine, quinoline yellow, and allura red AC.
The drinks had the same flavor and color from one week to the next, but contained different amounts of the added mix. For the older children, the daily amount of additives in mix A equaled the amount of food coloring found in two bags of candy, while the daily amount in mix B was equivalent to four bags of candy.
The researchers asked parents and teachers to assess the children's behavior using standard clinical instruments, and also asked independent reviewers to observe the children at school. The older children were also assessed with the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II, which uses visual cues to assess attention and hyperactivity.
The investigators found a mild but significant increase in hyperactivity in both age groups of children — across the board, regardless of baseline hyperactivity levels — during the weeks when they consumed drinks containing artificial colors. This replicated findings of an earlier study they did in 3-year-old children. Using a complex calculation of "effect size," the investigators estimated that the additives might explain about 10% of the behavioral difference between a child with ADHD and one without the disorder.
This was similar to the effect size reported in an earlier meta-analysis conducted by researchers at Columbia University and Harvard University. Their analysis of 15 trials evaluating the impact of artificial food coloring suggests that removing these agents from the diets of children with ADHD would be about one-third to one-half as effective as treatment with methylphenidate (Ritalin).
But like the authors of the British study, the authors of the meta-analysis cautioned that only a minority of children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of artificial additives. They also pointed out that determining which children are susceptible is difficult, though not impossible. Although some experts have recommended testing children with ADHD for food reactions, there is no test for additives.
Parents could try eliminating the major sources of artificial colors and additives — candy, junk food, brightly-colored cereals, fruit drinks, and soda — from their child's diet for a few weeks, to see if symptoms improve. One practical challenge to keep in mind, however, is that studies of sugar elimination have shown that parents may wrongly assume that changes in their child's behavior reflect consumption of a "problem" food.
In one frequently cited study about sugar, researchers recruited 35 mother-and-son pairs. All the mothers believed their sons — then ages 5 to 7 — were sugar-sensitive. The researchers told the mothers their sons would be randomly assigned to an experimental group that received a high dose of sugar or to a control group that received aspartame. In reality, all the boys received aspartame. The mothers who thought their sons ingested a large amount of sugar reported that their child's behavior was significantly more hyperactive afterward. The researchers concluded that parental expectation may color perception when it comes to food-related behaviors.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Essential fatty acids fuel basic cell functioning, improve overall immunity, and enhance heart health. By definition, the body cannot make essential fatty acids, so these nutrients must be consumed in the diet. One group, the omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], and alpha-linolenic acid [ALA]), is obtained from salmon, tuna, and other cold-water fish, as well as from some seeds and oils. The other group, the omega-6 fatty acids (especially linoleic acid), is obtained primarily from vegetable oils.
While a balance of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids is best for overall health, the typical American diet contains too few omega-3s, often in a one-to-10 ratio or lower with omega-6 fats. Researchers have explored whether a deficiency of omega-3 fats might contribute to symptoms of ADHD because these fatty acids perform a number of functions in the brain, such as affecting transmission of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin and helping brain cells to communicate. ADHD and an omega-3 deficiency also share two symptoms: excess thirst and increased need to urinate. Some evidence suggests that children with ADHD may have low levels of essential fatty acids.
Only a few randomized controlled studies have evaluated omega-3 supplements for children with ADHD. A review by the American Psychiatric Association's Omega-3 Fatty Acids Subcommittee included two placebo-controlled studies that found DHA supplements alone were ineffective at alleviating symptoms of ADHD, and another three that concluded combining omega-3 and omega-6 supplements might help. But because of the way the studies were designed, it was difficult to determine the specific benefit of omega-3 supplements.
Although other studies have been published since the APA review, none have resolved the question of whether omega-3 or omega-6 supplements might help children with ADHD. Several clinical trials are under way and may provide such answers in the future.
In the meantime, the recommendations of the APA subcommittee are a helpful guide: encourage children with ADHD to consume levels of omega-3 fatty acids recommended as part of a healthy diet. For children, that means consuming up to 12 ounces (two average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are low in mercury, such as shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, and pollack, along with daily plant sources of unsaturated fats.
Micronutrients
Deficiencies of particular vitamins or minerals — such as zinc, iron, magnesium, and vitamin B6 — have been documented in children with ADHD. But the results of trials testing whether supplementation with vitamins or minerals alleviates ADHD symptoms have been inconsistent.
Although vitamin or mineral supplements may help children diagnosed with particular deficiencies, there is no evidence that they are helpful for all children with ADHD. Furthermore, megadoses of vitamins, which can be toxic, must be avoided.
What's a parent to do?
A diet or dietary supplement that eases the symptoms of ADHD would be a boon for anyone living with this disruptive disorder. So far, though, the evidence provides only limited support for restrictive diets, avoiding preservatives or artificial food colorings, consuming more omega-3 fats, or taking specific vitamins or minerals.
For now, the consensus on a sensible approach to nutrition for children with ADHD is the same recommended for all children: eat a diet that emphasizes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthful unsaturated fats, and good sources of protein; go easy on unhealthy saturated and trans fats, rapidly digested carbohydrates, and fast food; and balance healthy eating with plenty of physical activity.
A healthful diet may reduce symptoms of ADHD by reducing exposure to artificial colors and additives and improving intake of omega-3 fats and micronutrients. But it certainly willimprove overall health and nutrition, and set the stage for a lifetime of good health.
Freeman MP, et al. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Evidence Basis for Treatment and Future Research in Psychiatry," Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (Dec. 2006): Vol. 67, No. 12, pp. 1954–67.
McCann D, et al. "Food Additives and Hyperactive Behaviour in 3-Year-Old and 8/9-Year-Old Children in the Community: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial,"Lancet (Nov. 3, 2007): Vol. 370, No. 9598, pp. 1560–67.
Schab DW, et al. "Do Artificial Food Colors Promote Hyperactivity in Children with Hyperactive Syndromes? A Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials," Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (Dec. 2004): Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 423–34.
Weber W, et al. "Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism," Pediatric Clinics of North America (Dec. 2007): Vol. 54, No. 6: pp. 983–1006.
